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100

101

Electric Techniques

Electric Force Microscopy

Rev. D Dimension 3100 Manual 291

16.2.4 Phase Detection

Phase Detection is only available when the Extender Electronics Module has been correctly

conﬁgured into the system.

1. In the Auto Tune Controls window, set Start frequency and End frequency to appropriate

values for your cantilever (e.g., for 225µm MFM cantilevers, set Start frequency to 40kHz

and End frequency to 100 kHz).

2. Select Auto Tune.

Note: Two curves appear on the Cantilever Tune graph (see Figure 16.2o): the

amplitude curve in white (the solid line in Figure 16.2o), and the phase curve in

yellow (the dashed line).

Figure 16.2o Phase Detection Cantilever Tune

(Extender Electronics Module Installed)

Note: The phase should decrease with increasing frequency and cross the center line

(0° point) at the peak frequency. The phase curve then correctly reﬂects the

phase lag between the drive and the cantilever response. Gradients in the

electric force cause a shift ∆F

in the resonance frequency. Resonance shifts

also give rise to phase shifts ∆φ used to generate an image of the electric force

gradients; see Figure 16.2p.

Figure 16.2p Shift In Phase at Fixed Drive Frequency

Frequency Sweep

∆φ

Drive Frequency

180

Phase (deg)

∆F

1 2 ... 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 ... 375 376

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